After 12 betas, two release candidates and more than nine months of development,
Mozilla today officially released its next generation open source Firefox 4
Web browser.
With Firefox 4 — the first major browser update since Mozilla
released Firefox 3.6 in
January of 2010 — developers have made multiple user-facing changes that will
noticed quickly by Firefox veterans. Tabs are now on top of the address bar
by default, instead of below it as they have been since Firefox was
first conceived.
The user
interface
itself has been revamped in an effort to reduce clutter.
“We spent a bunch of time on the interface, making it as streamlined as possible,
making it easy to get to the things that you want and also easy to get things
out of your way,” Johnathan Nightingale, director of Firefox at Mozilla, told InternetNews.com. “Moving
from Firefox 3.6 to 4.0, we’ve compacted the interface, since most of the time
users don’t need the whole menu.”
The “home” button has been moved to the right of the address bar and the RSS icon has also been removed from the default display. Nightingale stressed that Mozilla has not taken any functionality away from the browser. It has just moved items from the default display in an effort to improve usability and efficiency.
Firefox 4 also integrates the Firefox Sync technology, which enables users to synchronize their browser tabs and history across multiple systems. Firefox Sync extends to mobile platforms including Apple’s iOS by way of the Firefox Home application.
Tabs: A Panoramic View
Another key aspect of usability is the new Panorama feature, which enables
users to group tabs together. Mozilla also looked to improve tabs with the
addition of the a App Tab feature that pins a tab to the left of the browser.
“App Tabs is a recognition that the way people use the Web today is different,” Nightingale
said. “Something like Gmail is not simply a Web page that a user opens then
closes, it’s an application that happens to live on the Web.”
Another tab improvement is delivered by way of a notification element. If
something has changed within an App Tab in Firefox 4, a blue glow
appears
around the favicon. For example, if a user has a Gmail App Tab, whenever
new email is received the tab will have a blue glow.
Extensions: No Reload Required
Mozilla’s extension system has also undergone a dramatic change in Firefox 4. The new browser makes use of the new Mozilla Jetpack platform, which enables users to install and run extensions without the need to reload the browser.
For developers, Jetpack also makes it easier to build extensions by using JavaScript.
>”You don’t have to learn XUL, you can just pull in some JavaScript APIs that feel a lot like Web-based platforms,” Nightingale said.
Nightingale said that extensions that were not built with Jetpack will still also run in Firefox 4. Mozilla’s add-ons site does identify which extensions require a restart and which ones do not.
Security: Don’t Track Me, Bro
On the security front, Firefox 4 includes Mozilla’s Do
Not Track implementation.
With Do Not Track, browser users are able to alert sites whether or not they
want to be tracked. However, it is still up to the Web sites themselves to
actually add support for the specification. Both Google Chrome and Microsoft’s
IE 9 each has its own respective versions of a Do Not Track feature.
There is also a new Content Security Policy feature in Firefox 4 that could potentially mitigate most of the risk associated with Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attacks.
“Content Security Policy lets sites say where they expect to be loading content from,” Nightingale said. “So if script is loaded from somewhere else, it’s likely a XSS vulnerability on the Web site.”
Mozilla’s Nighingale said that CSP enables Web sites to block non-authorized
JavaScript. Additionally, the system can report unauthorized script usage..
“The reporting aspect means that every Firefox 4 users makes the Web safer,” Nightingale said. “If a Firefox 4 user is the first one to see an unauthorized script, we’ll send back the ping and the site can see that and they can fix the bug.”
The other key new security features is HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS),
which can force SSL security to be used. The HSTS feature is important as it
can help protect users against potential credential-sniffing attacks such as
the one propagated by Firesheep earlier this year.
Performance: The Fastest Yet?
Mozilla developers have also been determined to ensure that Firefox 4 is the fastest browser available. To accomplish that goal, developers enhanced the JagerMonkey JavaScript engine in an effort to boost performance.
Having a fast browsing experience all begins with how fast the browser starts, which is also an area of improvement in Firefox 4.
“We’re not interested in optimizing for a specific benchmark, but we’re very interested in optimizing for common workloads,” Nightingale said.
Sean Michael Kerner is a senior editor at InternetNews.com, the news service of Internet.com, the network for technology professionals.
