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ALSO SEE: IT Outsourcing and the “Unemployable” US Tech Professional
AND: IT Outsourcing Trends: Slow Growth, Cloud Computing
IT outsourcing is the practice of subcontracting responsibilityfor all or part of an IT function to a third-party service provider that manages the work. Businesses use IT outsourcing for functions ranging from infrastructure to software development, maintenance and support.
IT outsourcing has existed since the earliest days of business computing, beginning in the late 1950s with the service bureau operations of major hardware vendors such as IBM, Burroughs, Univac and Control Data. Outsourcing IT is viewed as a way to reduce costs, improve operational flexibility, increase service levels, reduce management overhead or rapidly deploy new capabilities. Most large organizations only outsource a portionof any given IT function.
IT Outsourcing:
IT Outsourcing Pros and Cons
IT Outsourcing Popular Functions
Domestic and Offshore IT Outsourcing
IT Outsourcing Problems
IT Outsourcing Planning
IT Outsourcing Leading Companies
IT Outsourcing: Additional Resources
IT Outsourcing Pros and Cons
The most commonly cited reasons for outsourcing ITfunctions include:
• Reducing IT costs through efficiencies and economies of scale on the part of the service provider.
• Access to world-class IT skills, experiences and resources.
• Removing non-core business.
• Minimizing sizable capital expenditure on IT infrastructure.
• Certainty of future IT spend.
The potential downsides of outsourcing ITfunctions include:
• A loss of control over a crucial business service.
• A lack of flexibility in the services received.
• Damage to staff morale/culture clashes (between the service provider and customer).
• The distraction of having to manage the relationship with the service provider.
IT Outsourcing Popular Functions
The typical IT organization spends five percent to six percent of its total IT budget on outsourcing services, regardless of size. Indeed, some maintain that company size is irrelevant when it comes to the benefits of IT outsourcing. IT outsourcing can be especially beneficial to small and medium enterprises (SMEs)that have a small or nonexistent IT organization.
The most popular IT functions to outsource include data center operations, disaster recovery and Web site/e-commerce systems. Help desk, desktop support, data center operations and Web site/e-commerce systems are the fastest growing outsourced IT functions. Large organizations, especially, are making greater use of help desk outsourcing. Application maintenance, application development and data network operations service providers are making the smallest outsourcing gains. Application development is still the most frequently outsourced function, but has been losing ground in the current economic environment as IT organizations cut back on project-based work.
The use of IT outsourcingis likely to grow in 2010. A recent survey conducted by the Gartner Group found that 85 percent of companies plan to increase or maintain their spending with external service providers (ESPs) when the economy gets better.
Domestic and Offshore IT Outsourcing
While the term IT outsourcing is often associated with sending IT functions overseas (i.e., offshoring), domestic IT outsourcing options are also available. In fact, the largest IT outsourcing providersin the world include giants like IBM, Electronic Data Systems (EDS) and Computer Sciences Corp. (CSC).
In the UK, PeoplePerHour, Europe’s largest online business marketplace, recently reported that while IT outsourcing is on the rise, businesses are increasingly turning to domestic vendors. PeoplePerHour’s survey of its 50,000+ business users found that 60 percent of UK businesses were outsourcing more than they had several years ago, attributable at least in part to the downturn of the global economy, which led companies to seek cost efficiencies through outsourcing.
Application development and application maintenance are the IT functions most frequently sent offshore, while disaster recovery and IT security are the two functions least likely to be sent to offshore vendors. India, China, Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe are all popular choicesfor offshore IT outsourcing.
IT Outsourcing Problems
While outsourcing IT functions – whether domestic or offshore – seems attractive in terms of cost savings and other efficiencies, it can cause problems. Perhaps the most horrific example is IT outsourcing giant EDS’s experience with the U.S. Navy. In a $4 billion deal, EDS (now HP Enterprise Services) was to manage voice, video, networking, training and desktops for 350,000 Navy and Marine Corps users. But a year later, EDS wrote off close to $350 million in losses on the deal. Among other problems, EDS had failed to recognize that the Navy and Marine Corps had tens of thousands of legacy and custom applications that it was expected to integrate or rip and replace. Meanwhile, the Navy had no single person or entity that could help EDS determine which legacy applications to keep and which to replace.
Communication difficulties often arise in offshoring situations, while loss of institutional knowledge can be a problem with any sort of IT outsourcing. Businesses considering outsourcing IT functions rarely account for these costs.
IT Outsourcing Planning
There are several steps organizations can take to help ensure successful execution of IT outsourcing:
• Create a robust business case to support the decision to outsource with senior executive backing.
• Know and understand your existing IT operation and what you seek to achieve by contracting external IT services from the service provider.
• Know and understand your existing IT organization and its cost base so you can evaluate whether the pricing model proposed by the service provider offers value for money.
• Consider what form of organization is best suited to meet your objectives.
• Conduct due diligence on third party contracts and licenses to ensure that your licenses permit use by the service provider.
• At the pre-contract stage and during contract negotiation, prepare and agree on an orderly transfer procedure so that the outsourced services can be transferred seamlessly back to you or another service provider at the end of the contract.
• Legally, be prepared to negotiate the details of the outsourcing transaction so that the terms can be documented in the services agreement.
IT Outsourcing Leading Companies
Outsource Partners International
hiSoft Technology International
IT Outsourcing: Additional Resources
2. IT Outsourcing Statistics 2009/2010: Outsourcing Trends and Cost Experiences for 11 Key IT Functions
3. An Introduction to IT Outsourcing
4. IT outsourcing holds concrete benefits for SMEs
5. Companies’ outsourcing spend to increase
6. Study: IT outsourcing services multiply
7. IT Outsourcing on the Rise, While Offshoring Plummets
8. Painful lessons from IT outsourcing gone bad
9. The 2009 Global Outsourcing 100
10. E-Commerce and IT Outsourcing Companies in the United States
